Bahrain's healthcare system merges public health oversight and funding with a growing private insurance sector. Together, they address the medical needs of citizens and expatriates under the 2019 Mandatory Health Insurance Law. Although both aim to ensure healthcare access, they differ in structure, scope, and service delivery.

Afghanistan's health insurance is evolving, with a small public role and a growing private sector. Public and private options serve different groups, offering diverse services and coverage levels.

Myanmar's healthcare system shows a clear split between public and private insurance. The public system offers limited coverage to a small group, while the private sector, both local and international, provides broader and more accessible health insurance for the wider public and expatriates.

South Sudan’s health insurance landscape is still in its developmental stages, characterized by an underdeveloped public health insurance system and a very limited private insurance market. Both systems are nascent and serve only small segments of the population, leaving the majority to rely heavily on out-of-pocket spending or donor-funded health services. Despite these challenges, understanding the differences and similarities between public and private health insurance is essential for identifying paths toward Universal Health Coverage (UHC).

Health insurance in Nigeria is broadly categorized into public and private systems, each playing a distinct role in the nation’s effort toward achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC). While both aim to improve access to healthcare, they differ in structure, funding mechanisms, target populations, and service delivery.