The Maldives features a unique and centralized public health insurance scheme—Aasandha, designed to ensure universal health coverage for all citizens. Alongside this, a growing private health insurance market exists, primarily serving expatriates and Maldivians seeking enhanced access to private healthcare services. Both systems serve different needs but share common goals of financial protection and access to quality care.

Malaysia's healthcare system has two main parts: public and private sectors. Public health insurance focuses on being accessible and affordable for everyone. In contrast, private insurance is chosen for its faster service, personalized care, and wider range of options.

Cambodia’s health insurance landscape is in a transitional phase, aiming to expand public health protection while accommodating a growing but limited private insurance market. Both public and private health insurance schemes play critical roles in increasing healthcare access, but they differ significantly in structure, target populations, and services offered.

South Sudan’s health insurance landscape is still in its developmental stages, characterized by an underdeveloped public health insurance system and a very limited private insurance market. Both systems are nascent and serve only small segments of the population, leaving the majority to rely heavily on out-of-pocket spending or donor-funded health services. Despite these challenges, understanding the differences and similarities between public and private health insurance is essential for identifying paths toward Universal Health Coverage (UHC).

Health insurance in Nigeria is broadly categorized into public and private systems, each playing a distinct role in the nation’s effort toward achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC). While both aim to improve access to healthcare, they differ in structure, funding mechanisms, target populations, and service delivery.